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Subject: v07i042: 2.11 News Documentation and Conversion, Part02/08 Newsgroups: mod.sources Approved: mirror!rs Submitted by: seismo!rick (Rick Adams) Mod.sources: Volume 7, Issue 42 Archive-name: 2.11news/Part02 # To extract, sh this file # # This file contains the man pages for the 2.11 release of news. # if test ! -d man then mkdir man fi echo x - man/Makefile 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/Makefile <<'*-*-END-of-man/Makefile-*-*' -# -# Makefile for news manual pages -# -# If you install news documentation in an appropriately structured -# man tree (e.g. /usr/local/man) then you can do this better -# - -DESTDIR = -MANDIR = /usr/man/mann - -MANFILES = checknews.1 expire.8 getdate.3 inews.8 news.5 newsrc.5 postnews.1 \ - readnews.1 recnews.8 sendbatch.8 sendnews.8 uurec.8 vnews.1 -NMANFILES = checknews.n expire.n getdate.n inews.n news.n newsrc.n postnews.n \ - readnews.n recnews.n sendbatch.n sendnews.n uurec.n vnews.n - -.SUFFIXES: .n .1 .3 .5 .8 - -.1.n .3.n .5.n .8.n: - cp $< $@ - -all: $(NMANFILES) - -install: $(NMANFILES) - -for i in $(NMANFILES); do (install -c -m 0444 $$i $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)); done - -clean: - rm -f $(NMANFILES) *-*-END-of-man/Makefile-*-* echo x - man/checknews.1 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/checknews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/checknews.1-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH CHECKNEWS 1 "October 19, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -checknews \- check to see if user has news -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR checknews " [ " -ynqevvN " ] [" -.IR "newsgroup list" " ] [" -.IR "readnews options" " ]" -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Checknews -reports whether or not the user has news. -.TP 10 -.B \-y -reports \*(LqThere is news\*(Rq if the user has news to read. -If the -.B \-N -flag is given, -then the newsgroups requested are also printed. -.TP 10 -.B \-n -reports \*(RqNo news\*(Rq if there isn't any news to read. -.TP 10 -.B \-q -causes -.I checknews -to be quiet. -Instead of printing a message, the exit status indicates news. -A status of 0 means no news, 1 means there is news. -.TP 10 -.B \-v -alters the -.B \-y -message to show the name of the first newsgroup containing unread news. -Doubling -.B v -(e.g. -.BR \-vv ) -will cause an explanation of -.I any -claim of new news, -and is useful if -.I checknews -and -.IR readnews (1) -disagree on whether there is news. -.TP 10 -.B \-e -executes -.I readnews -if there is news. -.TP 10 -.B \-N -causes the next argument to be read and interpreted as -a comma-separated list of newsgroups to be checked. -.PP -If there are no options, -.B \-y -is the default. -.SH FILES -.PD 0 -.TP 40 -~/.newsrc -Active newsgroups -.TP 40 -/usr/lib/news/active -Options and list of previously read articles -.SH SEE ALSO -inews(8), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -news(5), -newsrc(5), -expire(8), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) -.SH BUGS -.LP -The -.B \-N -flag should really be named -.B \-n -to be consistent with other news programs, -but -.B \-n -was already used. -If the -.B \-v -flag is used with the -.B \-N -flag, the first newsgroup in the list -where there is news should be printed instead of the entire list. -If the -.B \-N -flag is used and -.I readnews -is invoked (with -.BR \-e ) -it does not restrict -news reading to those groups checked, but reads all newsgroups where there -is new news. *-*-END-of-man/checknews.1-*-* echo x - man/expire.8 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/expire.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/expire.8-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH EXPIRE 8 "October 14, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -expire \- remove outdated news articles -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR expire " [ " \-n -.IR newsgroups " ] [" -.BR \-i " ] [ " \-I " ] [" -.BR \-a " ] [" -.BI \-v " level" -] [ -.B \-p -] -.br - [ -.B \-h -] [ -.B \-r -] [ -.BI \-e " days" -] [ -.BI \-E " days" -] -.br -.B expire -.BI \-f " user@site.DOMAIN" -.br -.B expire -.B \-u -.SH DESCRIPTION -.PP -.I Expire -is the program that removes out-of-date news articles from your system. -You need to use a special program to do this, instead of just using -.I find(1) -or -.I rm(1), -because of the history file. If you just delete messages, then the history -file will become incorrect because it will show that they are still there. -.PP -The normal use of -.I expire -is to run it at regular intervals with no options. -It will remove all articles whose expiration date have passed. -If you have a lot of disk space, you can run it once a week. If disk space is -tight, you might want to run it every night. The time that it takes -to run depends, of course, on many factors; on a VAX 11/750 with a 15-day -expiration period and the volume of news that is typical in 1986 (about 5000 -articles per week), -.I expire -will take roughly an hour to run. -.PP -.I Expire -has the following options: -.TP -.B \-n -Specify certain newsgroups whose articles will be expired. The other -newsgroups will be left alone. The notation that you use with the \-n option -is quite similar to that used in the sys file. To expire only the articles in -talk.origins, leaving everything else alone, type this: -.nf - expire \-n talk.origins -.fi -To expire only the articles in comp.os, but leave comp.os.eunice and -comp.os.cpm alone, type this: -.nf - expire \-n comp.os !comp.os.eunice !comp.os.cpm -.fi -For compatibility with the syntax of the sys file, you can also type the -command this way, with commas instead of spaces between the fields. -.nf - expire \-n comp.os,!comp.os.eunice,!comp.os.cpm -.fi -If you have certain groups that you use as archives, which should never have -their articles expired, you must construct an -.I expire -command that mentions all groups except your archive groups. When doing this, -be sure not to forget the groups -.Ch junk , -.Ch control , -and -.Ch general . -A likely command would be: -.nf - expire \-n all,!local.source,!all.sources -.fi -.TP -.B \-e -Specify an expiration period. Normally -.I expire -removes articles that are older than 15 days. If you would like it to remove -articles that are older than 5 days, you can type -.nf - expire \-e 5 -.fi -If you would like it to remove articles from talk.religion.misc and -talk.politics.misc that are older than -23 days, and leave everything else alone, you can type -.nf - expire \-e 23 \-n talk.religion.misc talk.politics.misc -.fi -You can specify the \-e option as \-e15 instead of as \-e\ 15 if you want; -this is for compatibility with old versions and old habits. -.TP -\-E -Normally -.I expire -removes the record of an article from the history file at the same time it -removes the article. One of the purposes of the history file is to prevent -articles from being duplicated if a second copy arrives a while later, -perhaps over some other path. If your site is extremely short on disk space, -forcing you to specify a short expiration period in the \-e option, you can -use the \-E option to ask that the information in the history file be kept -round a bit longer, until the danger of duplicate arrival has passed. The -command -.nf - expire \-e 7 \-E 21 -.fi -Causes articles that are 7 or more days old to be removed, and history -information that is 21 or more days old to be removed. If you use the \-E -option, make sure that the value it specifies is always larger than the \-e -option value, else you will end up with articles that are not in the history -file; this can cause problems. -.TP -.B \-a -Asks that articles be archived (usually in /usr/spool/oldnews) instead of being deleted. -An example of its use would be -.nf - expire \-a all.sources,!comp.sources.bugs -.fi -.B \-a -may be used with -.BR \-n . -If no pattern is given for -.BR \-a , -all newsgroups specified by -.B \-n -will be archived. -.TP -.B \-I -instructs -.I expire -to ignore expiration dates stored in articles, and to look at the number of -days that have passed since the article was received. Not very many articles -have expiration dates in them. -.TP -.B \-i -is like \-I, but it will look at the number of days that have passed and also -at the explicit expiration date, and it will remove the article if either of -those has passed. -.TP -\-v -sets the verbosity mode. If you have specified a complex collection of -options and they are not having the effect that you would like, then set \-v2 -or \-v3 to find out what is going on. Values from 0 to 6 are meaningful, and -\-v1 is the default. \-v0 will turn off messages, and \-v6 will cause -.I expire -to print every possible message. -.TP -\-p -causes -.I expire -to use the date the article was posted, rather than the date it arrived at -your machine, as the basis for expiration. Every now and then there is a -.Ch "time warp" -that causes a batch of very very old news to be dumped onto the -network; judicious use of the \-p option can eradicate it. -.TP -\-f -asks -.I expire -to remove messages sent by a particular user, regardless of the newsgroup -that they are in, and regardless of how old they are. -This option is intended not so much to selectively censor -voluminous posters (though it has certainly been used for that) but to -recover when a -.I notesfiles -site (running different news software) accidentally releases a duplicate -batch of old news. An example of its use is -.nf - expire \-f rlr@pyuxd.UUCP -.fi -Any article whose From: field exactly matches the argument to the \-f option -will be removed. -.TP -\-h -causes -.I expire -to ignore the history file, and do its expiration by looking at every article -file in the spool directory. This is phenomenally slow\(emit can take 5 or 6 -hours on an otherwise idle VAX 11/750\(embut if your history file is damaged and -you cannot use -.I find(1) -because you are relying on expiration dates stored inside articles, then you -have no other choice. -.TP -\-r -causes -.I expire -to rebuild the history file in addition to doing expiration. The \-r option -implies the \-h option; it scans every article in the spool directory and -builds a new set of history and -.I dbm(3X) -files. It also performs expiration, so if you want to rebuild the history -file while preserving all articles (as you might want to do on an archival -file computer), you must specify -.nf - expire \-r \-I \-e 999999 \-E 999999 -.fi -to prevent expiration from taking place. -If you do not rely on expiration dates stored inside articles, it is a good -tonic to run the following sequence of commands once every now and then: -.nf - find /usr/spool/news \-size 0 \-o \-mtime +90 \-exec rm \-f {} \; - /usr/lib/news/expire \-r -.fi -This will remove junk files that have somehow managed to find their way into -the spooling directory, and then it will rebuild the history file. -.TP -\-u -causes the minimum article-number field in the active file to be updated. -This is used when converting from 2.10.1 news to later versions. -.SH SEE ALSO -inews(8), -postnews(1), -getdate(3), -news(5), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) -.SH BUGS -.PP -The newsgroup pattern argument to the \-n option is limited to 1024 -characters, which is about 8 lines of text. *-*-END-of-man/expire.8-*-* echo x - man/getdate.3 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/getdate.3 <<'*-*-END-of-man/getdate.3-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH GETDATE 3 "May 26, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -getdate \- convert time and date from \s-2ASCII\s0 -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B #include <sys/types.h> -.br -.B #include <sys/timeb.h> -.PP -.B time_t getdate(buf, now) -.br -.B char *buf; -.br -struct timeb *now; -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Getdate -is a routine that converts most common time specifications to standard UNIX -format. The first argument is the character string containing the -time and date; the second is the assumed current time (used for relative -specifications); if -.B NULL -is passed, -.IR ftime (3C) -is used to obtain the current time and timezone. -.PP -The character string consists of 0 or more specifications of the following -form: -.TP .75i -tod -A -.I tod -is a time of day, which is of the form -.IR hh [: mm [: ss ]] -(or -.IR hhmm ) -.RI [ meridian ] -.RI [ zone ]. -If no meridian \- -.B am -or -.B pm -\- is specified, a 24-hour clock is used. A -.I tod -may be specified as just -.I hh -followed by a -.IR meridian \&. -.TP .75i -date -A -.I date -is a specific month and day, and possibly a year. Acceptable formats are -.IR mm/dd [ /yy ] -and -.IR "monthname dd" "[, " yy ] -If omitted, the year defaults to the -current year; if a year is specified -as a number less than 100, 1900 is added. -If a number not followed by a day or relative time unit occurs, it will -be interpreted as a year if a -.IR tod , -.IR monthname , -and -.I dd -have already been specified; otherwise, it will be treated as a -.IR tod . -This rule allows the output from -.IR date (1) -or -.IR ctime (3) -to be passed as input to -.IR getdate . -.TP .75i -day -A -.I day -of the week may be specified; the current day will be used if appropriate. -A -.I day -may be preceded by a -.IR number, -indicating which instance of that day is desired; the default is -.BR 1 . -Negative -.I numbers -indicate times past. Some symbolic -.I numbers -are accepted: -.BR last , -.BR next , -and the ordinals -.B first -through -.B twelfth -.RB ( second -is ambiguous, and is not accepted as an ordinal number). -The symbolic number -.B next -is equivalent to -.BR 2 ; -thus, -.B "next monday" -refers not to the immediately coming Monday, but to the one a week later. -.TP .75i -relative time -Specifications relative to the current time are also accepted. -The format is -.RI [ number "] " unit ; -acceptable units are -.BR year , -.BR month , -.BR fortnight , -.BR week , -.BR day , -.BR hour , -.BR minute , -and -.BR second . -.PP -The actual date is formed as follows: first, any absolute date and/or time -is processed and converted. Using that time as the base, day-of-week -specifications are added; last, relative specifications are used. If a -date or day is specified, and no absolute or relative time is given, midnight -is used. -Finally, a correction is applied so that the correct hour of the day is -produced after allowing for daylight savings time differences. -.PP -.I Getdate -accepts most common abbreviations for days, months, etc.; in particular, -it will recognize them with upper or lower case first letter, and will -recognize three-letter abbreviations for any of them, with or without -a trailing period. Units, such as -.BR week s, -may be specified in the singular or plural. Timezone and meridian -values may be in upper or lower case, and with or without periods. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -ctime(3), time(2) -.SH AUTHOR -Steven M. Bellovin (unc!smb) -.br -Dept. of Computer Science -.br -University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -.SH BUGS -Because -.IR yacc (1) -is used to parse the date, -.I getdate -cannot be used a subroutine to any program that also needs -.IR yacc . -.br -The grammar and scanner are rather primitive; certain desirable and -unambiguous constructions are not accepted. Worse yet, the meaning of -some legal phrases is not what is expected; -.B next week -is identical to -.BR "2 weeks" . -.br -The daylight savings time correction is not perfect, and can get confused -if handed times between midnight and 2:00 am on the days that the -reckoning changes. -.br -Because -.IR localtime (2) -accepts an old-style time format without zone information, attempting -to pass -.I getdate -a current time containing a different zone will probably fail. *-*-END-of-man/getdate.3-*-* echo x - man/inews.8 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/inews.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/inews.8-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH INEWS 8 "October 14, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -inews \- submit news articles -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR inews " [ " \-h " ]" -.BI \-t " title " \-n " newsgroups" -[ -.BI \-e " expiration date" -] [ -.BI \-f " sender name" -] [ -.BI \-d " distribution" -] [ -.BI \-F " references" -] [ -.BI \-o " organization" -] [ -.BI \-M -] [ -.BI \-S -] [ -.BI \-a " approvedby" -] [ -.BI \-r " replyto" -] [ -.BI \-x " dontsentto" -] [ -.BI \-c " control-message" -] -.PP -.BI "inews \-p " filename -.PP -.BI "inews \-C " newsgroup -.PP -.BI "rnews \-U" -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Inews -submits news articles to the USENET news network. -It is a raw interface called by news-posting programs. -You should not use -.I inews -directly. Most people use -.IR postnews (1) -to post news articles. Ultimately, of course, -.IR postnews (1) -and other news-posting programs call inews to do the actual submission. -.PP -The first form (no -.BI \-p -or -.BI \-C -options) is for submitting ordinary articles. -The body of the article will be read from the standard input. A -.I title -( -.Ch Subject: -field) -must be specified (there is no default). -.PP -If -.IR expire (8) -is currently running or if -.B SPOOLBATCH -was specified at compilation time, the articles may be spooled to -.I /usr/spool/news/.rnews -for later processing. Running -.I "rnews \-U" -will unspool this articles. -.I "Rnews \-U" -is run automatically by expire when it is finished. -.PP -Each article is posted to one or more newsgroups. If the -.B \-n -flag is omitted, the list -will default to something like -.BR general . -If you wish to submit an article to multiple newsgroups, the -.I newsgroups -must be separated by commas and/or spaces. -.PP -The -.B \-e -flag is used to override the default expiration date. This is seldom -used. -.PP -The -.B \-f -flag specifies the article's sender. Without this flag, the sender -defaults to the user's name. -If -.B \-f -is specified, the real sender's name will be included as a ``Sender:'' line -to prevent forged articles. -.PP -The -.B \-d -flag allows you to specify the maximum geographic distribution of your -article; for example, a distribution of -.Ch aus -limits distribution to Australia, and a distribution of -.Ch nj -limits distribution to New Jersey. There is no way to send a message from -California for distribution only in New Jersey\(emyour machine must be in the -distribution that you ask for. -.PP -The -.B \-r -flag allows you to specify the ``Reply-To:'' line in the article header. -.PP -The -.B \-x -flag says not to forward this article to the specified site despite -what the -.I /usr/lib/news/sys -file says. -.PP -The -.B \-F -flag is used to attach a list of related articles that this -message references; it creates the -.Ch References: -field of the posted article. -.PP -The -.B \-o -is used to override the default organization name. -.PP -The -.B \-M -and -.B \-a -flags are to be used only by the moderator of a moderated newsgroup. The -.B \-M -flag causes the -.Ch From: -and -.Ch Path: -fields of the article to be set to correct values for a moderated newsgroup. -The -.B \-a -flag is used to add an -.Ch Approved: -line to the header. Note that if the -.B \-M -flag is used in conjuction with the -.B \-h -flag (see below), the article headers must not have a -.Ch Path: -field in them already. -.PP -The -.B \-h -flag specifies that headers are present at the beginning of the -article, and these headers should be included with the article -header instead of as text. Everything before the first blank line in the -article is taken as a header field, and everything after that blank line is -taken to be part of the body of the message. -(This mechanism can be used to edit headers and supply additional -nondefault headers, but not to specify certain information, -such as the sender and article ID, that -.I inews -itself generates.) -.I Inews -will ignore nonstandard and misspelled header fields entered with the \-h -option. -.PP -The -.I \-c -flag is used to send a control message. -.PP -The -.I \-S -flag is used to override the automatic spooling option (if enabled). -It shold never be specified directly. (It is normally used by -.IR "rnews \-U" . -.LP -When posting an article -.I inews -checks the environment for certain information about the sender. If -an environment variable -.B NAME -is defined, -.I inews -uses its value as the full name of the poster. If -.B NAME -is not defined, -\kx\f2$HOME\fP\h'|\nxu+2u'\f2$HOME/.name\fP -is checked and if it exists, its contents are used as the full name. -Otherwise, the system value (often in -.IR /etc/passwd ) -is used. -This is useful if the system value cannot be set, or when -more than one person uses the same login. -If the environment variable -.B ORGANIZATION -is defined, then -.I inews -uses its value instead of the system -default organization name. If its value begins with a -.Ch / , -then it is taken to be a file name, and -.I inews -takes the name of the organization from the contents of the file. -This is useful when a person uses a guest login and is -not primarily associated with the organization that owns the machine. -.LP -The second form ( -.BI "inews \-p" -) is used for receiving articles from other machines. If -.I filename -is given, the article will be read from the file of that name; otherwise -the article will be read from the standard input. An expiration date -need not be present and a reception date, if present, will be ignored. -.LP -When -.I inews -receives an article this way, it will check the history file to make sure -that the article is not already present, and it will make certain consistency -checks to make sure that the newsgroup names are legal and that the sys file -permits the article to be installed on the local machine. Once the article -passes those checks, it is installed in the appropriate directory on the -local machine. If the article fails those checks, it is installed in -newsgroup -.Ch junk -on the local machine. In any event, -.I inews -will then transmit the article to all systems that match in the sys file -and are not mentioned in the -.Ch Path: -field of the just-posted message. The details of this transmission are -determined by the contents of the sys file. -.LP -The third form ( -.IB "inews \-C" -) is for creating new newsgroups. The use of this feature is -limited to certain users such as the super-user or news administrator. -.SH FILES -.PD 0 -.TP 25 -/usr/spool/news/.sys.nnn -temporary articles -.TP 25 -/usr/spool/news/.rnews -spooled articles not yet processed by rnews \-U -.TP 25 -.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroups / article_no. -Articles -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/active -List of known newsgroups and highest local article numbers in each. -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/seq -Sequence number of last article -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/history -List of all articles currently stored on this machine. -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/sys -System subscription list -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/distributions -Suggested distribution code names -.PD -.SH "SEE ALSO" -Mail(1), -binmail(1), -mailx(1), -checknews(1), -msgs(1), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -getdate(3), -news(5), -newsrc(5), -expire(8), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) -.SH AUTHORS -Matt Glickman -.br -Mark Horton -.br -Stephen Daniel -.br -Tom Truscott -.br -Rick Adams *-*-END-of-man/inews.8-*-* echo x - man/news.5 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/news.5 <<'*-*-END-of-man/news.5-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH NEWS 5 "July 5, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -news \- USENET network news article, utility files -.SH DESCRIPTION -.PP -There are two formats of news articles: -.BR A " and " B. -.B A -format is the only format that version 1 netnews systems can read or write. -Systems running the version 2 netnews can read either format and there -are provisions for the version 2 netnews to write in -.BR A " format. " A " format" -looks like this: -.LP -.BI A article-ID -.br -.I newsgroups -.br -.I path -.br -.I date -.br -.I title -.br -.I Body of article -.br -.LP -Only version 2 netnews systems can read and write -.BR B " format. " B " format" -contains two extra pieces of information: receipt date and expiration -date. The basic structure of a -.B B -format file consists of a series of headers and then the body. A header -field is defined as a line with a capital letter in the first column and -a colon somewhere on the line. Unrecognized header fields are ignored. -News is stored in the same format transmitted, see -.I "Standard for the Interchange of USENET Messages" -for a full description. -The following fields are among those recognized: -.LP -.B From: -.IB user @ "host.domain[.domain ...]" " (" -.IB "Full Name" ) -.br -.B Newsgroups: -.I Newsgroups -.br -.B Message-ID: -.BI < "Unique Identifier" > -.br -.B Subject: -.I descriptive title -.br -.B Date: -.I Date Posted -.br -.B Expires: -.I Expiration Date -.br -.B Reply-To: -.I Address for mail replies -.br -.B References: -.IR "Article ID of article this is a follow-up to" . -.br -.B Control: -.I Text of a control message -.LP -Here is an example of an article: -.LP -.in +10n -.nf -Path: cbosgd!mhuxj!mhuxt!eagle!jerry -From: jerry@eagle.uucp (Jerry Schwarz) -Newsgroups: net.general -Subject: Usenet Etiquette -- Please Read -Message-ID: <642@eagle.UUCP> -Date: Friday, 19 Nov 82 16:14:55 EST -Followup-To: net.news -Expires: Saturday, 1 Jan 83 00:00:00 EST -Organization: Bell Labs, Murray Hill -Lines: 42 - -The body of the article comes here, after a blank line. -.fi -.in -.LP -The -.I sys -file line has four fields, each separated by colons: -.LP -.IB system-name : subscriptions :\c -.IB flags : "transmission command" -.PP -Of these fields, only the -.IR system-name " and " subscriptions " need" -to be present. -.PP -The -.I system name -is the name of the system being sent to. The -.I subscriptions -is the list of newsgroups to be transmitted to the system. The -.I flags -are a set of letters describing how the article should be transmitted. -The default is -.BR B \&. -Valid flags include -.B A -(send in -.B A -format), -.B B -(send in -.B B -format), -.B N -(use \*(Lqihave/sendme\*(Rq protocol), -.B U -(use \*(Lquux \-c\*(Rq and the name of the stored article in a \*(Lq%s\*(Rq -string). -.LP -The -.I transmission command -is executed by the shell with the article to be transmitted as the standard -input. -The default is -.RI "\*(Lquux \- \-z \-r " sysname !rnews\*(Rq. -Some examples: -.LP -.if n \{.in -2 -. ll +3\} -.B "xyz:net" -.br -.B "oldsys:net,mod,to.oldsys:A" -.br -.B "berksys:net,ucb::/usr/lib/news/sendnews \-b berksys\\:rnews" -.br -.B "arpasys:net,arpa::/usr/lib/news/sendnews \-a rnews@arpasys" -.br -.B "old2:net,mod:A:/usr/lib/sendnews \-o old2\\:rnews" -.br -.B "user:net.sf-lovers::mail user" -.LP -Somewhere in the -.I sys -file, there must be a line for the host system. This line has no -.IR flags " or " commands . -A -.Ch # -as the first character in a line denotes a comment. -A logical line may be continued to the next physical line by -putting a \\ at end of the line. -.LP -The -.IR history , -.IR active , -and -.I ngfile -files have one line per item. -.SH SEE ALSO -checknews(1), -inews(8), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -getdate(3), -expire(8), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) *-*-END-of-man/news.5-*-* echo x - man/newsrc.5 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/newsrc.5 <<'*-*-END-of-man/newsrc.5-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH NEWSRC 5 "October 19, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -newsrc \- information file for readnews(1) and checknews(1) -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.I .newsrc -file contains the list of previously read articles and an optional -options line for -.IR readnews "(1) and " checknews (1). -Each newsgroup that articles -have been read from has a line of the form: -.LP -.IB newsgroup : " range" -.LP -The -.I range -is a list of the articles read. It is basically a list of numbers -separated by commas with sequential numbers collapsed with hyphens. -For instance: -.LP -.B general: 1-78,80,85-90 -.br -.B comp.laser-printers: 1-7 -.br -.B news.misc: 1 -.br -.B comp.ai! 1-5 -.br -.LP -If the -.Ch : -is replaced with an -.Ch ! -(as in -.B comp.ai -above) the newsgroup -is not subscribed to and will not be shown to the user. -.LP -An options line starts with the word -.B options -(left-justified). Then there are the list of options just as they -would be on the -.I readnews -command line. For instance: -.LP -.B "options \-n all !net.sf-lovers !mod.human-nets \-r" -.br -.B "options \-c \-r" -.LP -A string of lines beginning with a space or tab after the initial options -line will be considered continuation lines. -.SH FILES -.TP 25 -~/.newsrc -options and list of previously read articles -.SH SEE ALSO -checknews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1) *-*-END-of-man/newsrc.5-*-* echo x - man/postnews.1 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/postnews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/postnews.1-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH POSTNEWS 1 "October 22, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -postnews \- submit news articles -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR postnews " [ " -.IR article " ]" -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Postnews -is a program that calls -.IR inews (8) -to submit news articles to USENET. -The commands should be self-explanatory, however you may type -.Ch ? -to most prompts to get a list of the possible options (except -for the \*(LqKeywords\*(Rq of the article, etc). -It will prompt the user for the title of the article -(which should be a phrase suggesting the subject, -so that persons reading the news can tell if they -are interested in the article), for the newsgroup, -and for the distribution. -.PP -The distribution is typically a geographic region or corporate region. -Typing -.Ch ? -will get you a list of the possible distributions. You should -use the minimum distribution that will serve your purpose for -posting the article. For example, if you are selling your car in New -Jersey, it is doubtful that someone in California (or Europe) would -be willing to buy it. If you don't restrict the distribution to your -local area, you will cause this article to be transmitted unnecessarily -around the world. Currently, with a distribution of -.BR world , -the article -will be seen in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea and -other places. -A distribution header will, if given, be included in the headers -of the article, affecting where the article is distributed. -.PP -After entering the title, newsgroup, and distribution, -the user will be placed in an editor. -If -.B EDITOR -is set in the environment, that editor will be used. -Otherwise, -.I postnews -defaults to -.IR vi (1). -.PP -An initial set of headers containing the subject and newsgroups -will be placed in the editor, followed by a blank line. -The article should be appended to the buffer, after the blank line. -The initial headers can be changed, or additional headers added, -while in the editor, if desired. -.PP -After you have finished typing in your article, you have the -option of sending it, listing it, quitting without sending it, -editing the file again, or -saving it in a file without sending it. -.PP -For posting news from a program, see -.IR inews (8). -.LP -If the file -.I /usr/lib/news/recording -is present, it is taken as a list of -\&\*(Lqrecordings\*(Rq to be shown to users posting news. -(This is named after the recording you hear when you dial -.Ch information -in some parts of the U.S., asking you to stop and think if you really want do -do this, but not actually preventing you.) -The recording file contains lines of the form: -.PP - newsgroup-specifier \fB\s-2TAB\s0\fP filename -.PP -for example: -.PP - comp.all comp.recording -.br - local.all,!local.test local.recording -.PP -Any user posting an article to a newsgroup matching the pattern on -the left will be shown the contents of the file on the right. -The file is found in the -.B LIBDIR -directory (often -.IR /usr/lib/news ). -The user is then told to hit \s-2DEL\s0 to abort or \s-2RETURN\s0 to proceed. -The intent of this feature is to help companies keep proprietary -information from accidently leaking out. -.SH FILES -.PD 0 -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/active -List of known newsgroups and highest local article numbers in each. -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/distributions -Suggested distribution code names -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/newsgroups -Descriptons of newsgroups -.SH "SEE ALSO" -inews(8), -readnews(1), -vi(1), -news(5), -expire(8) *-*-END-of-man/postnews.1-*-* echo x - man/readnews.1 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/readnews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/readnews.1-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH READNEWS 1 "October 22, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -readnews \- read news articles -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR readnews " [" -.BI \-a " date" -] [ -.BI \-n " newsgroups" -] [ -.BI \-t " titles" -] [ -.BR \-leprxhfuM " ] [" -.BR \-c " [" -.IR mailer " ] ]" -.PP -.B "readnews \-s" -.PP -.B "readnews \-K" -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Readnews -without argument prints unread articles. -There are several interfaces available other than the default: -.TP 10 -Flag -Interface -.TP 10 -.B \-M -An interface to -.IR mailx (1) -or -.IR Mail(1). -.TP 10 -.B \-c -A -.IR binmail (1)\-like -interface. -.TP 10 -.BI "\-c " ``mailer'' -All selected articles written to a temporary file. Then the mailer is -invoked. The name of the temporary file is referenced with a -.Ch % . -Thus, ``mail \-f %'' will invoke mail on a temporary file consisting of all -selected messages. -.TP 10 -.B \-p -All selected articles are sent to the standard output. No questions asked. -.TP 10 -.B \-l -Only the titles output. The -.I .newsrc -file will not be updated. -.TP 10 -.B \-e -Like -.B \-l -but also updates the -.I .newsrc -file. -.LP -The -.B \-r -flag causes the articles to be printed in reverse order. The -.B \-f -flag prevents any followup articles from being printed. The -.B \-h -flag causes articles to be printed in a less verbose format, -and is intended for terminals running at 300 baud. -The -.B \-u -flag causes the -.I .newsrc -file to be updated every 5 minutes, -in case of an unreliable system. -(Note that if the -.I .newsrc -file is updated, -the -.B x -command will not restore it to its original contents.) -.PP -The following flags determine the selection of articles. -.TP 10 -.BI "\-n " newsgroups -Select all articles that belong to -.I newsgroups. -.TP 10 -.BI "\-t " titles -Select all articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by -.IR titles \&. -.TP 10 -.BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP" -Select all articles that were posted past the given -.I date -(in -.IR getdate (3) -format). -.TP 10 -.B \-x -Ignore -.I .newsrc -file. That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones. -.PP -.I Readnews -maintains a -.I .newsrc -file in the user's home directory that specifies all news articles -already read. It is updated at the end of each reading session in -which the -.BR \-x " or " \-l -options weren't specified. -If the environment variable -.B NEWSRC -is present, it should be the path -name of a file to be used in place of -.IR .newsrc \&. -.PP -If the user wishes, an options line may be placed in the -.I .newsrc -file. -This line starts with the word -.B options -(left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as -they would be typed on the command line. Such a list may include: -the -.B \-n -flag along with a newsgroup list; a favorite interface; and/or -the -.B \-r -or -.B \-t -flag. Continuation lines are specified by following lines -beginning with a space or tab character. -Similarly, options can be specified in the -.B NEWSOPTS -environment parameter. Where conflicts exist, option on the command -line take precedence, followed by the -.I .newsrc -.B options -line, and lastly the -.B NEWSOPTS -parameter. -.PP -You can use the -.B \-s -flag to print the newsgroup subscription list. -.PP -If you haven't read news in a while (or if you have never read news!) -you can do -.I "readnews \-K" -to Kill (mark as read) all of the articles in the groups to which -you are subscribed. -.PP -When the user uses the reply command of the default or -.IR binmail (1) -interfaces, the environment parameter -.B MAILER -will be used to determine -which mailer to use. The default is -.IR mail (1). -.PP -The user may specify a particular paging progam -for articles. The environment parameter -.B PAGER -should be set to -the paging program. The name of the article is referenced with -a -.Ch % , -as in the -.B \-c -option. If no -.Ch % -is present, the article will be piped to the program. -Paging may be disabled by setting -.B PAGER -to a null value. By default, the pager is -.IR cat (1). -.SH "COMMANDS" -.PP -This section lists the commands you can type to the default and -.I binmail -interface prompts. -The default interface will suggest some common commands in brackets. -Just hitting return is the same as typing the first command. -For example, \*(Lq[ynq]\*(Rq means that the commands -.Ch y -(yes), -.Ch n -(no), -and -.Ch q -(quit) are common responses, and that -.Ch y -is the default. -.sp -.ta 2.5i -Command Meaning -.IP \fB\-\fP -Go back to last article. -This is a toggle, typing it twice returns you to the original article. -.IP \fB#\fP -Report the name and size of the newsgroup. -.IP \fB!\fP -Shell escape. -.IP "\fB<\fP\fImessage ID\fP\fB>\fP" -Look for a particular article. -(See -.I -Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages -for a description of message ID's). -.IP \fBb\fP -Back. Back up one article. -.IP \fBc\fP -Cancel the article. Only the author or the super user can do this. -.IP \fBd\fP -Read a digest. Breaks up a digest into separate articles -and permits you to read and reply to each piece. -.IP \fBD\fP [\fInumber\fP] -Decrypt. Invokes a Caesar decoding program on the body of the message. -This is used to decrypt rotated jokes posted to -.BR rec.humor . -Such jokes are usually obscene or otherwise offensive to some -groups of people, and so are rotated to avoid accidental -decryption by people who would be offended. -The title of the joke should indicate the nature of the problem, -enabling people to decide whether to decrypt it or not. -.IP -An explicit -.I number -rotation (usually 13) may be given to force a particular shift. -.IP \fBe\fP -Erase. Forget that this article was read. -.IP "\fBf\fP [\fItitle\fP]" -Submit a follow up article. -Normally you should leave off the title, since the system will generate -one for you. -You will be placed in your -.B EDITOR -to compose the text of the followup. -.IP "\fBfd\fP" -Followup directly, without edited headers. This is like -.BR f , -but the headers of the article are not included in the editor buffer. -.IP \fBh\fP -Header. Print a more verbose header. -.IP \fBH\fP -Print a very verbose header, containing all known information -about the article. -.IP \fBK\fP -Kill. Mark all remaining articles in this newsgroup as read -and skip to the next newsgroup. -.IP \fBn\fP -No. Goes on to next article without printing current one. -In the -.I binmail -interface, this means \*(Lqgo on to the next article\*(Rq, -which will have the same effect as -.B y -or just hitting return. -.IP "\fBN\fP [\fInewsgroup\fP]" -Next Newsgroup. -Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup. -.IP \fBp\fP -Print. Reprint previous article. -.IP \fBP\fP -Previous Newsgroup. Go back to previous newsgroup. -.IP \fBq\fP -Quit. The -.I .newsrc -file will be updated if -.B \-l -or -.B \-x -were not on the command line. -.IP r -Reply. Reply to article's author via -.IR mail \&. -You are placed in your -.B EDITOR -(by default -.IR vi (1)) -with a header specifying -\&\*(LqTo\*(Rq, \*(LqSubject\*(Rq, and \*(LqReferences\*(Rq -lines taken from the message. -You may change or add headers, as appropriate. -You add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit -the editor. The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article. -.IP \fBrd\fP -Reply directly. -You are placed in -.B MAILER -.RI ( mail -by default) in reply to the author. -Type the text of the reply and then control-D. -.IP "\fBs\fP [\fIfile\fP]" -Save. The article is appended to the named file. -The default is -.IR Articles \&. -If the first character of the file name is -.Ch | , -the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program, -which is executed with the text of the article as standard input. -If the first character of the file name is -.Ch / , -it is -taken as a full path name of a file. -If -.B NEWSBOX -(in the environment) is set to a full path name, -and the file contains no -.Ch / , -the file is saved in -.BR NEWSBOX . -Otherwise, it is saved relative to -.BR HOME . -.IP \fBU\fP -Unsubscribe from this newsgroup. Also goes on to the next newsgroup. -.IP \fBv\fP -Print the current version of the news software. -.IP \fBw\fP -Same as -.BR s . -.IP \fBx\fP -Exit. Like quit except that -.I .newsrc -is not updated. -.IP "\fBX\fP \fIsystem\fP" -Transmit article to the named system. -.IP \fBy\fP -Yes. Prints current article and goes on to next. -.IP \fInumber\fP -Go to \fInumber\fP. -.IP \fB+\fP[\fIn\fP] -Skip -.I n -articles. -The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be -offered to you again the next time you read news. -.PP -The commands -.BR c , -.BR f , -.BR fd , -.BR r , -.BR rd , -.BR e , -.BR h , -.BR H , -and -.B s -can be followed by -.BR \- 's -to refer to the previous article. -Thus, when replying to an article using the default interface, -you should normally type -.B r\- -(or -.BR re- ) -since by the time you enter -a command, you are being offered the next article. -.SH EXAMPLES -.TP 10 -.B readnews -Read all unread articles using the default interface. The -.I .newsrc -file is updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B readnews \-c ``ed %'' \-l -Invoke the -.IR ed (1) -text editor on a file containing the titles of all unread articles. The -.I .newsrc -file is -.B not -updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B readnews \-n all !talk \-M \-r -Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with -.B talk. -via -.I mailx -in reverse order. The -.I .newsrc -file is updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B "readnews \-p \-n all \-a last thursday" -Print every unread article since last Thursday. The -.I .newsrc -file is -updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B "readnews \-K" -Discard all unread news. -This is useful after returning from a long trip. -.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" -.IP \fBEDITOR\fP -Editor invoked by -.B f -command. (Default is -.IR /usr/ucb/vi .) -.IP \fBMAILER\fP -Mailing program invoked by the -.B r -command. (Default is -.IR /bin/mail .) -.IP \fBNAME\fP -Your full name used in header of articles posted by you. (Default is -the comments field of your id in -.IR /etc/passwd .) -.IP \fBNEWSBOX\fP -File or directory where articles saved with the -.B s -command are stored. -(Default is same as -.BR HOME .) -.IP \fBNEWSOPTS\fP -Options for \fIreadnews\fR. -.IP \fBORGANIZATION\fP -Full name of this site used header of articles posted by you. -.IP \fBPAGER\fP -Paging program invoked by articles with more than 16 lines. (Default -is -.IR /usr/ucb/more .) -.IP \fBSHELL\fP -The shell invoked by the -.B ! -command. (Default is -.IR /bin/sh .) -.SH FILES -.PD 0 -.TP 25 -.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number -News articles -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/active -Active newsgroups and numbers of articles -.TP 25 -/usr/lib/news/help -Help file for default interface -.TP 25 -~/.newsrc -Options and list of previously read articles -.PD -.SH SEE ALSO -binmail(1), -checknews(1), -inews(8), -mail(1), -mailx(1), -news(5), -newsrc(5) -postnews(1), -vnews(1), -getdate(3), -news(5), -newsrc(5), -expire(8), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) -.br -.I -How to Read the Network News -by Mark Horton. -.br -.I -Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages -by Mark Horton. -.SH AUTHORS -Matt Glickman -.br -Mark Horton -.br -Stephen Daniel -.br -Tom R. Truscott - *-*-END-of-man/readnews.1-*-* echo x - man/recnews.8 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/recnews.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/recnews.8-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH RECNEWS 8 "May 26, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -recnews \- receive unprocessed articles via mail -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR /usr/lib/news/recnews " [ " -.IR newsgroup " [ " sender " ] ] " -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Recnews -reads a letter from the standard input; determines the article title, -sender, and newsgroup; and gives the body to inews with the right -arguments for insertion. -.PP -If -.I newsgroup -is omitted, the \*(LqTo:\*(Rq line of the letter will be used. If -.I sender -is omitted, the sender will be determined from the \*(LqFrom\*(Rq line of the letter. -The title is determined from the \*(LqSubject\*(Rq line. -.SH SEE ALSO -checknews(1), -inews(8), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -news(5), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) *-*-END-of-man/recnews.8-*-* echo x - man/sendbatch.8 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/sendbatch.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/sendbatch.8-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.TH SENDBATCH 8 "October 13, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -sendbatch \- send news articles in batches -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR sendbatch " [" -.BI \-s "size " -] [ -.BI \-i " sitename" -] [ -.BR \-c " ] [" -.BR \-c7 " ] [" -.I \-obBC -.RI "] " site -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I sendbatch -prepares and transmits a batch of news for unbatching by another machine. -.PP -If -.I sendbatch -is called with no flags, it will submit the batched news (from -.IR /usr/spool/news/site ) -queued up for -.B site -to -.I uux -for transmission and exectution on the remote machine. -.PP -Several flags are available to modify sendbatch's behavior. -.PP -The -.B \-c -flag says to use compression to reduce the site of the transmitted file. -.PP -The -.B \-c7 -flag is normally used for sending articles over X.25 links. -It will cause the batch of news to be compressed, then piped through -.I encode -to reduce the 8-bit data into 7-bit characters. -.PP -The -.B \-s -flag is used to modify the size of the batches. By default, the -batch size is 50,000 bytes. -.PP -The -.B \-i -flag says to send a batch of Message-IDs with the -.I ihave -protocol. -.PP -The -.B \-o -flag is used with the -.B \-c -flag to produce and old style compress batch suitable for systems -with version 2.10.2 news. -.PP -The -.B \-bBC -flags are passed directly to compress and may be used to change -its compression algorithms if necessary. -.SH EXAMPLES -.PP -To send to a PDP 11/70 running 2.10.2 compressed batching: -.ti 1i -sendbatch \-c \-C \-b12 -o sitename -.PP -To send to a VAX running 2.11 compressed batching: -.ti 1i -sendbatch \-c sitename -.PP -To send to a VAX over an X.25 network using batches of 30,000 bytes: -.ti 1i -sendbatch \-c7 \-s30000 sitename -.PP -To send to a Sun running 2.11 compressed batching with -.I ihave/sendme -: -.ti 1i -sendbatch \-c \-i sitename -.SH SEE ALSO -compress(1) *-*-END-of-man/sendbatch.8-*-* echo x - man/sendnews.8 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/sendnews.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/sendnews.8-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH SENDNEWS 8 "May 26, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -sendnews \- send news articles via mail -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR sendnews " [" -.BR \-o " ] [" -.BR \-a " ] [" -.BR \-b " ] [" -.BI \-n " newsgroups" -.RI "] " destination -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Sendnews -reads an article from its standard input, performs a set of changes -to it, and gives it to the mail program to mail it to -.IR destination . -.PP -An -.Ch N -is prepended to each line for decoding by -.IR uurec (1). -.PP -The -.B \-o -flag handles old format articles. -.PP -The -.B \-a -flag is used for sending articles via the ARPANET. -It maps the article's path from -.IB uucphost ! xxx -to -.IB xxx @ arpahost\fR.\fP -.PP -The -.B \-b -flag is used for sending articles via the Berknet. -It maps the article's path from -.IB uucphost ! xxx -to -.IB berkhost : xxx\fR.\fP -.PP -The -.B \-n -flag changes the article's newsgroup to the specified -.IR newsgroup . -.SH SEE ALSO -checknews(1), -inews(8), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -news(5), -recnews(8), -uurec(8) *-*-END-of-man/sendnews.8-*-* echo x - man/uurec.8 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/uurec.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/uurec.8-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH UUREC 8 "May 26, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -uurec \- receive processed news articles via mail -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B uurec -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Uurec -reads news articles on the standard input sent by -.IR sendnews (8), -decodes them, and gives them to -.IR inews (8) -for insertion. -.SH SEE ALSO -inews(8), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -news(5), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8) *-*-END-of-man/uurec.8-*-* echo x - man/vnews.1 1>&2 sed 's/.//' >man/vnews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/vnews.1-*-*' -.if n .ds La ' -.if n .ds Ra ' -.if t .ds La ` -.if t .ds Ra ' -.if n .ds Lq " -.if n .ds Rq " -.if t .ds Lq `` -.if t .ds Rq '' -.de Ch -\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2 -.. -.TH VNEWS 1 "September 19, 1986" -.ds ]W Version B 2.11 -.SH NAME -vnews \- read news articles -.SH SYNOPSIS -.BR vnews " [ " \-a -.IR date " ] [ " -.B \-n -.IR newsgroups " ] [ " -.B \-t -.IR titles " ] [ " -.BR \-rxuc " ] " -.PP -.B "vnews \-s" -.PP -.B "vnews \-K" -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Vnews -is a program for reading USENET news. It is based -on -.IR readnews (1) -but has a CRT oriented interface. -The list of available commands is quite -similar, although since -.I vnews -is a \*(Lqvisual\*(Rq -interface, most -.I vnews -commands do not have to be terminated -by a newline. -.LP -.I Vnews -uses all but the last two lines of the screen to display -the current article. The next-to-last line is the secondary prompt line, -and is used to input string arguments to commands. The last line -contains several fields. The first field is the prompt -field. If -.I vnews -is at the end of an article, the prompt is -\&\*(Lqnext?\*(Rq; otherwise the prompt is \*(Lqmore?\*(Rq. The second field -is the newsgroup field, which displays the current newsgroup, -the number of the current article, and the number of -the last article in the newsgroup. The third field contains -the current time, and the last field contains the word -\&\*(Lqmail\*(Rq if you have mail. When you receive new mail, the bell -on the terminal is rung and the word \*(LqMAIL\*(Rq appears in capital -letters for 30 seconds. -.PP -.I Vnews -without any arguments prints unread articles. -.PP -The following flags determine the selection of articles. -.TP 10 -.BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP" -Select articles posted after the given -.I date -(in -.IR getdate (3) -format). -.TP 10 -.BI "\-n " newsgroups -Select articles belonging to -.I newsgroups. -.TP 10 -.BI "\-t " titles -Select articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by -.I titles. -.TP 10 -.B \-r -Print the articles in reverse order. -.TP 10 -.B \-x -Ignore -.I .newsrc -file. That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones. -.TP 10 -.B \-u -Update the -.I .newsrc -file every 5 minutes, as in the case of an unreliable system. -(Note that if the -.I .newsrc -file is updated, the -.B x -command will not restore it to its original contents.) -.PP -If the -.B \-c -flag is specified, -.I vnews -will print the first -page of the article, instead of just the header. -.PP -You can use the -.B \-s -flag to print the newsgroup subscription list. -.PP -If you haven't read news in a while (or if you have never read news!) -you can do -.I "vnews \-K" -to Kill (mark as read) all of the articles in the groups to which -you are subscribed. -.PP -.I Vnews -maintains a -.I .newsrc -file in the your home directory that specifies all news articles -already read. It is updated at the end of each reading session -unless the -.BR \-x -option was specified. -If the environment variable -.B NEWSRC -is present, it should be the path -name of a file to be used in place of -.IR .newsrc \&. -.PP -If you wish, an options line may be placed in your -.I .newsrc -file. -This line starts with the word -.B options -(left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as -they would be typed on the command line. Such a list may include: -the -.B \-n -flag along with a newsgroup list and/or -the -.B \-r -or -.B \-t -flag. -Continuation lines begin with a space or tab character. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -Options can be specified in the -.B NEWSOPTS -environment parameter. Where conflicts exist, options on the command -line take precedence, followed by the -.I .newsrc -.B options -line, and lastly the -.B NEWSOPTS -parameter. -.PP -When the user uses the direct reply command, -the environment parameter -.B MAILER -will be used to determine which mailer to use. The default is usually -.IR /bin/mail . -.PP -If -.B EDITOR -is set, it will be used in place of the default editor on your system to -edit replies and follow-ups. -.PP -If -.B NAME -is set, it will be used as your full name when posting news or -submitting a follow-up. If it is not set, the name will be taken -from the file -.I .name -in your home directory. If this file is not present, the name will -be taken from -.IR /etc/passwd . -.PP -If -.B NEWSARCHIVE -is set, a copy of any articles you post or follow-up to, will be saved -in the specified file. If it is the null string, they will be -copied in -.I author_copy -in your home directory. -.PP -If -.B NEWSBOX -is set, the filename you specify when you save or write a file -will be prepended with -.B NEWSBOX -unless the filename is an absolute pathname. -.PP -If -.B NEWSRC -is set, it will be used in place of the -.I .newsrc -file in your home directory. -.PP -If -.B ORGANIZATION -is set, it will be used as the name of your organization whenever you -post an article. The default is compiled in and is usually correct. -Typically, you would only use this if you were reading news at a -site other than normal. (Or if you are trying to be cute.) -.SH "COMMANDS" -.PP -Each -.I vnews -command may be preceded by a count. Some -commands use the count; others ignore it. If count is omitted, -it defaults to one. Some commands prompt for an argument -on the second line from the bottom of the screen. Standard UNIX erase -and kill processing is done on this argument. The argument is -terminated by a return. An interrupt -(\s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2BREAK\s0) gets you out of any partially entered command. -.sp -In the following table, ^B is used as a shorthand for Control-B. -.sp -.ta 2.5i -Command Meaning -.IP \fB\s-2CR\s0\fP -A carriage return prints more of the current article, -or goes on to the next article if you are at the end of -the current article. A \fB\s-2SPACE\s0\fP is equivalent to \fB\s-2CR\s0\fP. -.IP \fB^B\fP -Go backwards -.I count -pages. -.IP \fB^F\fP -Go forward -.I count -pages. -.IP \fB^D\fP -Go forwards half a page. -.IP \fB^U\fP -Go backwards half a page. -.IP \fB^Z\fP -Go forwards -.I count -lines. -.IP \fB^E\fP -Go backwards -.I count -lines. -.IP \fB^L\fP -Redraw the screen. \fB^L\fP may be typed at any time. -.IP \fBb\fP -Back up one article in the current group. -.IP \fBc\fP -Cancel the article. Only the author of the article or the super user -can do this. -.IP \fBe\fP -Erase. Forget that this article was read. -.IP \fBf\fP -Submit a follow-up article. -You will be placed in your -.B EDITOR -to compose the text of the follow-up. -.IP \fBh\fP -Go back to the top of the article and display only the -header. -.IP \fBl\fP -Redisplay the article after you have sent a follow-up or reply. -.IP \fBm\fP -Move on to the next item in a digest. -.IP \fBn\fP -No. Go on to the next article without printing current one. -.B \&. -is equivalent to -.BR n . -This is convenient if your terminal -has a keypad. -.IP \fBp\fP -Show the parent article (the article that the -current article is a follow-up to). This doesn't work -if the current article was posted by A-news or notesfiles. To -switch between the current and parent articles, use the -.B \- -command. Unfortunately, if you use several -.B p -commands -to trace the discussion back further, there is no command to return -to the original level. -.IP \fBq\fP -Quit. The -.I .newsrc -file will be updated unless -.B \-x -was on the command line. -.IP \fBr\fP -Reply. Reply to article's author via mail. -You are placed in your -.B EDITOR -with a header specifying -\&\*(LqTo\*(Rq, \*(LqSubject\*(Rq, and \*(LqReferences\*(Rq -lines taken from the message. -You may change or add headers, as appropriate. -Add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit -the editor. The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article. -.IP \fBR\fP -This is the same as \fBr\fP except the body of the article is included -in your mail message for you. -.IP \fBESC-r\fP -Reply directly. You are placed in your -.B MAILER -as if you had run it specifying -the author of the article as the recipient of a letter. -.IP "\fBs\fP [\fIfile\fP]" -Save. The article is appended to the named file. -The default is -.IR Articles . -If the first character of the file name is -.Ch | , -the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program, -which is executed with the text of the article as standard input. -If the first character of the file name is -.Ch / , -it is -taken as the full pathname of a file. -If -.B NEWSBOX -(in the environment) is set to a full pathname, -and the file contains no -.Ch / , -the file is saved in -.BR NEWSBOX . -Otherwise, it is saved relative to -.BR HOME . -.IP \fBug\fP -Unsubscribe to the current group. This is a two character -command to ensure that it is not typed accidentally -and to leave room for other types of unsubscribes (e.g. -unsubscribe to discussion). -.IP \fBv\fP -Print the current version of the news software. -.IP \fBw\fP -Write. Like save -.BR s , -except that the headers are not written out. -.IP \fBx\fP -Exit. Like quit except that -.I .newsrc -is not updated. -.IP \fBy\fP -Yes. Print the current article and go to the next. -.IP [\fIn\fP]\fBA\fP -Go to article number \fIn\fP in the current newsgroup. -.IP \fBD\fP -Decrypts a joke. It only handles rot 13 jokes. The -.B D -command is a toggle; typing another -.B D -re-encrypts the -joke. -.IP \fBH\fP -Print a very verbose header, containing all known information -about the article. -.IP \fBK\fP -Kill (mark as read) the rest of the articles in the current group. -This is useful if you can't keep up with the volume in the newsgroup, -but don't want to unsubscribe. -.IP "\fBN\fP [\fInewsgroup\fP]" -Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup. -.IP [\fIn\fP]\fB+\fP -Skip -.I n -articles. -The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be -offered to you again the next time you read news. -.IP \fB\-\fP -Go back to last article. -This is a toggle; typing it twice returns you to the original article. -.IP \fB<\fP -Prompt for an article ID or the rest of a message ID. -It will display the article if it exists. -.IP \fB#\fP -Report the name and size of the newsgroup. -.IP \fB?\fP -Print a short help message. -.IP \fB!\fP -Passes the rest of the command line to the shell. The -environment variable -.B A -is set to the name of the file -containing the current article. If the last character -of the command is a -.BR & , -then the -.B & -is deleted and -the command is run in the background with stdin, stdout -and stderr redirected to -.IR /dev/null . -If the command is -missing, the shell is invoked. Use the -.B l -command (or -essentially any other command) to turn on the display -after the program terminates. -.SH EXAMPLES -.TP 10 -.B vnews -Read all unread articles using the -.IR visual -interface. The -.I .newsrc -file is updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B vnews \-n all !mod \-r -Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with -.B mod. -in reverse order. The -.I .newsrc -file is updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B "vnews \-n all \-a last thursday" -Print every unread article since last Thursday. The -.I .newsrc -file is -updated at the end of the session. -.TP 10 -.B "vnews \-K" -Discard all unread news. -This is useful after returning from a long trip. -.SH FILES -.PD 0 -.TP 40 -.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number -News articles -.TP 40 -/usr/lib/news/active -Active newsgroups -.TP 40 -/usr/lib/news/vnews.help -Help file for -.IR visual -interface -.TP 40 -~/.newsrc -Options and list of previously read articles -.PD -.SH SEE ALSO -checknews(1), -inews(8), -postnews(1), -readnews(1), -vnews(1), -getdate(3), -news(5), -newsrc(5), -expire(8), -recnews(8), -sendnews(8), -uurec(8) *-*-END-of-man/vnews.1-*-* sed 's/.//' >man/patchlevel.man <<'*-*-END-of-man/patchlevel.man-*-*' 0 *-*-END-of-man/patchlevel.man-*-* exit